Top Universities For Quantum Research — 2025

The following is a non-exhaustive list of top universities engaged in quantum research. While we can unequivocally say that the following universities are global leaders in quantum research, we acknowledge that comparisons are difficult, if not impossible, and that research output is not the only measure of quantum leadership. Research quality, educational quality, educational opportunity and mentorship, while harder to quantify, are indeed facets of quantum research leadership.

However, in order to move beyond a top-of-mind list, we use output as a way to add rigor and justify entry on the list of Top Universities for Quantum Research. We also include a measure of output based on the number of students at the school to create a fairer standard. (See limitations and methodology below.)

One thing that is noticeable on the list is that universities with high quantum research output show signs of those other intangible qualities of scientific leadership. All have strong centers and institutes for quantum research and include top faculty. These schools also gain media attention for their work, which is noted when possible and when relevant.

Besides a recognition of some of the leaders in quantum research, we can take away a few lessons, albeit anecdotally. First, there is just a general increase in awareness of quantum, particularly quantum computing and quantum sensing, that is driving universities to create centers and institutes of learning. Another trend is the appearance of many more Chinese universities on the list — perhaps a reflection of that nation’s efforts to attain global leadership in quantum.

Because quantum research is growing in intensity, the list is based on recent research from the past five years. Information on research output was gathered using Lens.org and The Quantum Insider’s Intelligence Platform.

1. Stanford University

• Research Papers: 571
• Approximate Enrollment: 16,000
• Papers per Student: 0.0357

Stanford University is a leader at interdisciplinary quantum research, bringing together experts from physics, engineering, and computer science to explore quantum algorithms, quantum cryptography and the development of quantum hardware.

It’s leadership spreads across the quantum spectrum, including quantum science and engineering, fostering interdisciplinary collaboration through initiatives like Q-FARM (Quantum Fundamentals, ARchitectures, and Machines). This program unites experts from Stanford and the SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory to advance quantum information science.

Stanford offers a comprehensive curriculum in quantum science, encompassing courses like Quantum Computing and Elements of Quantum Computer Programming These programs equip students with the knowledge to navigate the evolving quantum landscape. The university’s faculty includes prominent figures such as Jelena Vučković, known for work in quantum photonics and inverse design; Monika Schleier-Smith, recognized for research in many-body quantum physics; and Patrick Hayden, a leading authority in quantum information theory.

Student organizations, such as the Stanford Quantum Computing Association, play a pivotal role in cultivating future leaders by hosting workshops, hackathons, and discussions with industry experts.

2. Duke University

• Research Papers: 474
• Approximate Enrollment: 16,000
• Papers per Student: 0.0296

Quantum Research Overview

Duke University has established itself as a leader in quantum computing research, particularly in the field of trapped-ion quantum technology. At the heart of this effort is the Duke Quantum Center (DQC), where researchers are developing scalable quantum systems, refining quantum error correction techniques, and advancing quantum simulation.

Duke’s leadership in quantum research extends beyond hardware development, encompassing a broad spectrum of quantum algorithms, fault-tolerant computing, and hybrid quantum-classical computation. The university fosters interdisciplinary collaboration, bringing together experts from physics, computer science, and electrical engineering to push the boundaries of quantum information science.

Students at Duke have access to a strong curriculum in quantum science, with courses that cover fundamental and applied aspects of quantum computing. The university’s faculty includes prominent researchers such as Christopher Monroe, a pioneer in trapped-ion quantum computing, and Kenneth Brown, known for his work in quantum error correction.

Beyond academics, student organizations and research initiatives provide hands-on engagement with quantum technology, hosting hackathons, industry discussions, and collaborations with leading quantum companies.

3. Yale University

• Research Papers: 347
• Approximate Enrollment: 13,000
• Papers per Student: 0.0267

Quantum Research Overview

Yale University has established itself as a leader in quantum research, fostering collaboration across physics, engineering, and computer science. The Yale Quantum Institute (YQI) serves as a central hub, bringing together researchers to explore quantum information processing, quantum materials, and quantum sensing. Yale’s commitment to advancing quantum science is further exemplified by the development of the Upper Science Hill Building Complex, designed to transform the university’s quantum and engineering programs with state-of-the-art research labs and collaborative spaces.

The university offers a comprehensive curriculum in quantum science, including specialized courses and research opportunities that prepare students for careers in academia and industry. Yale’s faculty includes prominent figures such as Robert Schoelkopf, known for his pioneering work in superconducting qubits and quantum information processing, and Michel Devoret, recognized for experimental solid state physics with emphasis on “quantronics,” i.e., mesoscopic electronic effects in which collective degrees of freedom like currents and voltages behave quantum mechanically. ​

4. University of Oxford

• Research Papers: 496
• Approximate Enrollment: 24,000
• Papers per Student: 0.0207

Quantum Research Overview

The University of Oxford boasts more than 60 groups and more than 200 researchers dedicated to quantum science and technology, making it the UK’s largest and most diverse center in this field.

Central to Oxford’s quantum initiatives is the Oxford Quantum Institute (OQI), which fosters interdisciplinary collaboration across physics, engineering, computer science, and materials science. OQI’s research spans quantum information processing, quantum communication, and quantum sensing, aiming to harness quantum effects in a new generation of devices that will outperform existing machines.

Oxford offers a comprehensive curriculum in quantum technologies, exemplified by its MSc in Quantum Technologies. This interdisciplinary course provides a technical overview of modern quantum technologies for computing, sensing, and communications, with an emphasis on industry connections, practical training, and research projects.

The university’s faculty includes prominent figures such as Professor Artur Ekert, a pioneer in quantum cryptography, and Professor David Lucas, known for his work in ion-trap quantum computing.

Also important to not the student organizations and research groups, such as the Quantum Information, Computation and Cryptography Group. These — often grassroots — organizations play a pivotal role in cultivating future leaders by hosting seminars, workshops, and collaborative projects.

5. Harvard University

• Research Papers: 1,266
• Approximate Enrollment: 74,000
• Papers per Student: 0.0171
• Quantum Research Overview: Harvard University conducts cutting-edge research in quantum science through the Harvard Quantum Initiative. The university’s efforts span quantum computing, quantum communication, and the study of quantum materials, contributing significantly to advancements in the field.

Quantum Research Overview

Harvard University has been a long-time quantum science and engineering leader, fostering interdisciplinary collaboration across physics, engineering and computer science to explore quantum information, quantum optics, and the development of quantum technologies. Central to Harvard’s quantum initiatives is the Harvard Quantum Initiative (HQI), which unites researchers from various disciplines to advance quantum science and engineering. HQI’s efforts have led to significant industry partnerships and secured substantial funding from federal agencies, bolstering its position in the quantum research community.

Harvard offers a comprehensive curriculum in quantum science, exemplified by its Ph.D. program in Quantum Science and Engineering. This interdisciplinary program provides students with a flexible curriculum, allowing them to work with faculty from both science and engineering departments to design individualized paths tailored to their research interests.

The university’s faculty includes prominent figures such as Professor John Doyle, co-director of HQI and a leader in cold molecule physics, and Professor Federico Capasso, known for his invention of the quantum cascade laser and contributions to nanophotonics.

Student organizations, such as the Harvard Undergraduate Quantum Computing Association, play a pivotal role in cultivating future leaders by hosting workshops, hackathons, and discussions with industry experts.

6. Fudan University

• Research Papers: 531
• Approximate Enrollment: 31,000
• Papers per Student: 0.0171
• Quantum Research Overview: Fudan University in China is actively engaged in quantum information science, focusing on quantum communication and quantum computing. The university’s research includes the development of quantum networks and exploration of quantum cryptography protocols.

Quantum Research Overview

Fudan University is actively engaged in quantum information science, focusing on quantum communication, quantum computing, and the development of quantum networks. The university’s research includes exploring quantum cryptography protocols to enhance secure communication.

Noted faculty members include Dr. Saijun Wu: who leads the Quantum Control Group, Dr. Wu’s research focuses on quantum control and atom interferometry. ultracontrol.fudan.edu.cn and Professor Jian Zi: Specializing in photonic crystals and metamaterials, Professor Zi contributes to the understanding of photonic structures in quantum systems. Professor Ling-Yan Hung‘s work in theoretical physics includes quantum field theory and its applications in quantum information.

The university uses its quantum initiatives to generate interest and bolster research efforts. These centers and institutes include: Center for Quantum Control: This center fosters interdisciplinary collaboration across physics, engineering, and materials science to advance quantum research. The Institute for Nanoelectronic Devices and Quantum Computing focuses on the development of quantum materials and devices, this institute aims to bridge the gap between quantum theory and practical applications.

Fudan University also emphasizes quantum education through specialized courses and research training programs, preparing students for careers in quantum technologies.

7. Shanghai Jiao Tong University

• Research Papers: 640
• Approximate Enrollment: 40,000
• Papers per Student: 0.0160
• Quantum Research Overview: Shanghai Jiao Tong University is at the forefront of quantum research in China, with significant contributions to quantum communication and quantum computing. The university collaborates with international partners to advance quantum technologies and applications.

Quantum Research Overview

Shanghai Jiao Tong University is actively engaged in quantum information science, with research spanning quantum computing, quantum communication and quantum metrology. The university’s work includes advances in superconducting qubits, quantum error correction, and quantum algorithms.

​Shanghai Jiao Tong University (SJTU) is actively engaged in quantum information science, with research spanning quantum computing, quantum communication, and quantum metrology. The university’s work includes advancements in superconducting qubits, quantum error correction, and quantum algorithms.​

Noted faculty members include: Antonio M. García-García, a full professor leading the Theoretical Quantum Physics Group. García-García’s research focuses on strongly-interacting quantum-chaotic systems, including the Sachdev-Ye-Kitaev model and its gravity dual, as well as the study and optimization of superconducting circuits. Xianmin Jin Specializing in integrated photonics and on-chip quantum information processing, Professor Jin’s work encompasses quantum computing, quantum simulation, air-sea quantum communication, and broadband quantum memory at room temperature. Nana Liu is an associate professor and principal investigator of the Quantum Information and Technologies group, Professor Liu’s research interests include continuous-variable quantum information, quantum algorithms for scientific computing, and quantum machine learning.

The university has established several centers and institutes to support its quantum initiatives, including:​ Wilczek Quantum Center (WQC), a theoretical unit of the School of Physics and Astronomy, WQC is dedicated to research and teaching in theoretical quantum physics, covering areas such as quantum matter, quantum optics, quantum information, and cold atom physics and Tsung-Dao Lee Institute (TDLI), and institute focuses on fundamental science research, including quantum science and technology, and provides a platform for international scientific collaboration. ​

Shanghai Jiao Tong University prioritizes quantum education through specialized programs and interdisciplinary research training, preparing students for careers in quantum science and technology.

8. Seoul National University

• Research Papers: 457
• Approximate Enrollment: 28,000
• Papers per Student: 0.0163

​Quantum Research Overview

Seoul National University (SNU) conducts extensive research in quantum computing, quantum communication and quantum materials. The university’s efforts encompass various quantum computing platforms, including superconducting qubits, ion trap systems, and photonic quantum computing.​quantuminkorea.org

Notable faculty members include Professor Taehyun Kim, an associate professor in computer science and engineering. Kim leads the Quantum Information and Quantum Computing Lab. His research focuses on developing quantum computers and quantum repeaters using ion trap systems, as well as exploring quantum algorithms and information theory. Professor Hyunseok Jeong heads the Quantum Information Science Group. Professor Seungyong Hahn’s research includes superconducting quantum bits, superconducting microwave devices, and superconducting magnets.

SNU has established several centers and institutes to advance its quantum research initiatives, including:​ Research Center for Quantum Science & Technology, which center focuses on developing quantum computing technologies and fostering collaboration between academia and industry. The Center for Correlated Electron Systems: investigates emergent phenomena in strongly correlated electron systems, contributing to the understanding of quantum materials.

SNU emphasizes quantum education through specialized programs and interdisciplinary research training, preparing students for careers in quantum science and technology. Collaborations with industry leaders, such as the partnership with IonQ, enhance educational and research opportunities, promoting workforce development in quantum information and communication science.

9. University of Cambridge

• Research Papers: 376
• Approximate Enrollment: 24,000
• Papers per Student: 0.0157

​Quantum Research Overview

The University of Cambridge is renowned for its extensive contributions to quantum science and technology. The Centre for Quantum Information and Foundations (CQIF) conducts theoretical research into quantum information processing, exploring the implications of quantum computing and information theory for physics and broader foundational questions.

Cambridge’s quantum research encompasses various areas, including quantum computing, sensing, communications, and materials. The university collaborates with industry leaders, such as the Cambridge Research Laboratory of Toshiba Europe, to foster innovation and translate research into practical applications.

The university’s faculty includes distinguished researchers like Mete Atatüre, recognized for his work in solid-state quantum optics and the optical control of spin-photon coupling.

10. University of Chicago

• Research Papers: 263
• Approximate Enrollment: 18,000
• Papers per Student: 0.0146

Quantum Research Overview

The University of Chicago has established itself as a hub for quantum research, uniting experts from physics, engineering, and computer science. Central to this effort is the Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering (PME), which offers one of the nation’s first doctoral programs in Quantum Science and Engineering. This program provides students with opportunities to engage in both fundamental and applied quantum research, encompassing areas such as quantum computing, communications, sensing, and materials.

The university is also home to the Chicago Quantum Exchange (CQE), a leading intellectual hub that fosters collaboration among academic institutions, national laboratories, and industry partners. CQE spearheads initiatives like the Bloch Quantum Tech Hub and the NSF Engine Development Award, aiming to bolster the regional quantum ecosystem and advance quantum technologies in the Midwest. ​

Educational outreach is a cornerstone of the university’s mission. Programs such as TeachQuantum immerse educators in real-world quantum research environments, equipping them to introduce quantum-focused STEM concepts in their classrooms. Additionally, the Open Quantum Initiative Undergraduate Fellowship offers undergraduates hands-on research experiences in quantum science laboratories, promoting diversity and inclusion in the field.

The faculty at the University of Chicago includes distinguished researchers like Professor David Awschalom, renowned for his work in spintronics and quantum information engineering.

11. Peking University

• Research Papers: 573
• Approximate Enrollment: 42,000
• Papers per Student: 0.0136

Quantum Research Overview

Peking University is a leader in interdisciplinary quantum research with collaborations stretching across physics, engineering and computer science that explore quantum information science, quantum materials and the development of quantum technologies.​

Central to Peking University’s quantum initiatives is the International Center for Quantum Materials (ICQM), established in 2010. ICQM is dedicated to cutting-edge research in condensed matter physics and quantum materials science, with topics ranging from quantum transport and strongly correlated electron systems to topological effects and ultrafast spectroscopy. The university also hosts the Quantum Simulation and Quantum Information Lab, founded by Dr. Xiao Yuan in 2020. This lab focuses on quantum computing algorithms, error correction, and quantum cryptography, aiming to advance both theoretical foundations and practical applications of quantum technologies.

The university’s faculty includes distinguished researchers such as Guo Guangcan, an academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, renowned for his contributions to quantum communication and optics. ​en.wikipedia.org

Peking University offers a comprehensive curriculum in quantum science that provide students with foundational and advanced knowledge in the field.

12. University College London

• Research Papers: 524
• Approximate Enrollment: 41,000
• Papers per Student: 0.0128
• Quantum Research Overview: University College London (UCL) is a key player in quantum technologies, with research spanning quantum computing, quantum communication, and quantum sensing. UCL’s Quantum Science and Technology Institute fosters interdisciplinary collaboration to advance quantum research.

Quantum Research Overview

UCL is a leading center for quantum research, uniting over 120 researchers through the UCLQ Quantum Science and Technology Institute. This institute fosters collaboration across disciplines, focusing on areas such as quantum computation and quantum sensing. In December 2024, UCL, in partnership with the University of Cambridge, launched a major research hub aimed at harnessing quantum technology to improve early disease diagnosis and treatment. ​ucl.ac.uk

UCL offers an MSc in Quantum Technologies, providing students with advanced training in quantum physics and practical skills in engineering and information sciences.

The university’s faculty includes distinguished researchers such as Jonathan Oppenheim, known for his work in quantum information theory and quantum gravity.

13. Columbia University

• Research Papers: 406
• Approximate Enrollment: 33,000
• Papers per Student: 0.0123
• Quantum Research Overview: Columbia University conducts research in quantum information science, focusing on quantum computing and quantum communication. The university’s efforts contribute to the development of quantum technologies and their applications.

Quantum Research Overview

Columbia University offers a range of quantum research highlights. For example, Columbia Quantum Initiative, which brings together scientists and engineers to explore and control quantum properties of matter and light. The university offers an M.S. in Quantum Science and Technology, educating students in both the fundamentals and cutting-edge developments in quantum science, including quantum computing and quantum information.

Columbia’s faculty includes prominent figures such as Tanya Zelevinsky, recognized for her high-precision spectroscopy of cold molecules and contributions to fundamental physics measurements.

In October 2024, Columbia physicists, supported by a $1 million NSF grant, began work ondeveloping a quantum-based microscope to capture quantum coherence, enabling observation of single photons and photon pairs with high precision.

14. Zhejiang University

• Research Papers: 636
• Approximate Enrollment: 54,000
• Papers per Student: 0.0118
• Quantum Research Overview: Zhejiang University in China is involved in quantum information research, including quantum communication and quantum computing. The university’s work contributes to the advancement of quantum technologies in the region.

Quantum Research Overview

Zhejiang University has established itself as a leader in quantum research, fostering collaboration across physics, engineering, and computer science. The university’s Institute of Optics and Quantum Information is dedicated to exploring quantum computation, quantum communication, and quantum sensing. Research groups within the institute focus on areas such as superconducting qubits, topological quantum systems, and cavity quantum electrodynamics.

Notable faculty members include Jian-Qiang You, whose work encompasses superconducting qubits and quantum information processing, and Xiaoguang Wang, recognized for contributions to quantum information theory and quantum optics. Additionally, the university’s Research Center for Quantum Sensing is committed to overcoming technical obstacles in ultrasensitive measurements, aiming to develop large scientific facilities for relevant applications.

15. National University of Singapore (NUS)

• Research Papers: 303
• Approximate Enrollment: 31,000
• Papers per Student: 0.0098

The National University of Singapore (NUS) is a prominent center for quantum research, primarily through its Centre for Quantum Technologies (CQT). Established in 2007, CQT brings together physicists, computer scientists, and engineers to conduct interdisciplinary research in quantum information processing, focusing on areas like quantum communication, computation, and sensing. ​

NUS plays a pivotal role in Singapore’s Quantum Engineering Programme (QEP), which aims to translate quantum research into practical applications. Launched in 2018, QEP supports projects in quantum communication and security, quantum computing, and quantum sensing, fostering a vibrant quantum ecosystem in the region.

In a significant international collaboration, NUS partnered with the Dieter Schwarz Foundation to establish a Professorship in Quantum Communication and Security at CQT. This initiative enhances research and education in quantum technologies, focusing on secure data transmission and fostering global cooperation in quantum science.

The university’s faculty includes esteemed researchers such as José Ignacio Latorre, the current director of CQT, known for his contributions to quantum information and computation.

16. University of Washington

• Research Papers: 484
• Approximate Enrollment: 54,000
• Papers per Student: 0.0090
• Quantum Research Overview: The University of Washington engages in quantum research, focusing on quantum computing and quantum information science. The university’s efforts aim to advance the understanding and application of quantum technologies.

Quantum Research Overview

The University of Washington (UW) integrates efforts across various departments to advance quantum information science, quantum sensing and quantum computing. One of its crown jewels in that quantum research integration is its QuantumX initiative.

UW’s InQubator for Quantum Simulation (IQuS), funded by the U.S. Department of Energy, serves as a hub for community-driven workshops and research in quantum simulation. The university offers a comprehensive curriculum in quantum technologies, including a Quantum Technologies Pathway for undergraduates and a Graduate Certificate in Quantum Information Science and Engineering.

Prominent faculty members include Kai-Mei Fu whose research focuses on identifying and controlling the quantum properties of point defects in crystals, which has implications for information and sensing technologies. Lih Y. Lin is recognized for contributions to photonics and nanotechnology.

17. University of Michigan

• Research Papers: 406
• Approximate Enrollment: 48,000
• Papers per Student: 0.0085

Quantum Research Overview

The University of Michigan (U-M) has solidified its position as a leader in quantum science and technology with the establishment of the Quantum Research Institute (QRI). Launched with a $55 million investment, the QRI aims to address global quantum challenges and prepare a new generation of researchers. This initiative is a collaborative effort among the Office of the Vice President for Research, the College of Engineering, and the College of Literature, Science, and the Arts.

U-M’s commitment to quantum research is further exemplified by the Michigan Quantum Engineering Science and Technology (QUEST) initiative. QUEST brings together researchers from various disciplines to develop cutting-edge quantum algorithms and deployable quantum devices.

The university offers a comprehensive curriculum in quantum science, with programs designed to equip students with the necessary skills to excel in this rapidly evolving field. Faculty members such as Henriette Elvang, known for her work in quantum field theory and scattering processes, and Duncan G. Steel, recognized for his contributions to quantum optics in condensed matter physics, play pivotal roles in both research and education.

Student organizations, like QuantUM, the university’s undergraduate club focused on quantum science and computing, provide platforms for students to engage in research, workshops, and discussions, fostering a vibrant quantum community on campus. ​

18. Sun Yat-sen University

• Research Papers: 414
• Approximate Enrollment: 50,000
• Papers per Student: 0.0083
• Quantum Research Overview:
  Sun Yat-sen University plays a significant role in China’s quantum research efforts, particularly in quantum cryptography and quantum optics. The university collaborates with China’s national quantum initiatives to explore secure communication technologies.

Quantum Research Overview

Sun Yat-sen University has established itself as a leader in quantum research, focusing on various aspects of quantum science and technology. The university’s Research Group on Quantum Correlated Electron Systems, led by Professor Yao, delves into areas such as high-temperature superconductivity, quantum magnetism, topological physics, and two-dimensional electron systems. Their work aims to uncover the fundamental properties of quantum materials and explore their potential applications.

Turning the focus to quantum computing, Xiaoqi Zhou’s group has made significant strides. The team has reported on advanced in automaton, a fundamental computing model similar to quantum computing.​

19. Huazhong University of Science and Technology

• Research Papers: 433
• Approximate Enrollment: 55,000
• Papers per Student: 0.0079
• Quantum Research Overview: Huazhong University of Science and Technology conducts research in quantum information science, including quantum communication and quantum computing. The university’s efforts contribute to advancements in quantum technologies.

Quantum Research Overview

Huazhong University of Science and Technology is at the forefront of quantum research, with several dedicated centers and laboratories. The Center of Quantum Optical Science focuses on understanding fundamental light-matter interactions and developing cutting-edge quantum technologies. Their research encompasses quantum information processing, quantum communication, and quantum sensing. ​

The International Joint Laboratory on Quantum Sensing and Quantum Metrology (HUST-UULM), co-directed by Professor Jianming Cai, emphasizes the development of high-precision measurement techniques. Their work includes exploring quantum effects in biological systems and enhancing quantum coherence times, which are crucial for practical quantum applications.

In the field of quantum information processing, Lin Li’s research centers on utilizing Rydberg atoms for distributed quantum computing. His team aims to investigate high-fidelity local quantum computing modules, and Rydberg quantum photonics, which may have lead to advances in the scalability of quantum networks.

20. Sichuan University

• Research Papers: 530
• Approximate Enrollment: 70,000
• Papers per Student: 0.0076
• Quantum Research Overview: Sichuan University in China is engaged in quantum information science, focusing on quantum communication and quantum computing. The university’s research contributes to the development of quantum technologies.

Quantum Research Overview

Sichuan University’s College of Physics is one of the hot spots quantum research, focusing on areas such as quantum information processing, quantum materials, and quantum sensing. The college offers a comprehensive curriculum that includes courses like advanced quantum mechanics, quantum field theory, and quantum statistics, providing students with a robust foundation in both theoretical and applied physics. ​

SCU’s researchers are active in a range of quantum research efforts, including the noninvasive detection of room-temperature ferromagnetism in two-dimensional van der Waals. This study, led by Professors Gang Xiang and Junfeng Wang, highlights the university’s commitment to cutting-edge research in quantum materials and sensing technologies.

The faculty at SCU comprises distinguished researchers such as Li-Xiang Cen, whose work encompasses entanglement theory, fault-tolerant quantum information processing, and quantum statistical mechanics.

21. University of Toronto

• Research Papers: 650
• Approximate Enrollment: 93,000
• Papers per Student: 0.0070
• Quantum Research Overview: The University of Toronto is a prominent institution in quantum research, with initiatives in quantum computing, quantum cryptography, and quantum optics. The university collaborates with various partners to advance quantum technologies.

Quantum Research Overview

The University of Toronto (U of T) is a leading institution in quantum research, with initiatives spanning across its Centre for Quantum Information and Quantum Control (CQIQC) and the Centre for Quantum Materials (CQM). These centers bring together researchers from physics, chemistry, computer science, and engineering to explore areas such as quantum computing, quantum cryptography, and the development of novel quantum materials.​

U of T offers robust educational programs in quantum science, including specialized courses and research opportunities that prepare students for careers in both academia and industry. The university’s faculty includes esteemed researchers like Aephraim Steinberg, known for his experimental work in quantum optics and foundations, and Alán Aspuru-Guzik is recognized as a chemistry and computer science professor who studies quantum computing.

.​Collaborations with industry and government agencies further enhance U of T’s quantum research landscape, fostering innovation and facilitating the translation of theoretical research into practical applications.

22. Tsinghua University

• Research Papers: 345
• Approximate Enrollment: 51,000
• Papers per Student: 0.0068
• Quantum Research Overview:
  Tsinghua University is one of China’s most prestigious institutions for quantum research. It houses the Center for Quantum Information, which specializes in superconducting qubits, quantum computing algorithms, and quantum communications.

Tsinghua University has established itself as a leader in quantum science, with its Center for Quantum Information (CQI) focusing on both experimental and theoretical aspects of the field. Researchers at CQI are dedicated to the experimental implementation of quantum computation and networks, as well as the theoretical study of quantum algorithms, entanglement, and cryptography. A significant advance was made by the team led by Professor Luming Duan includes achieving the stable trapping and cooling of a two-dimensional crystal comprising up to 512 ions, enabling quantum simulations with 300 ion qubits.

The Department of Physics at Tsinghua University complements these efforts by exploring areas such as quantum matter and materials, quantum communication, quantum metrology, and quantum devices. Notably, Professor Xue Qikun’s research group achieved the first experimental observation of the quantum anomalous Hall effect in a magnetic topological insulator.

23. University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA)

• Research Papers: 293
• Approximate Enrollment: 46,000
• Papers per Student: 0.0064

Quantum Research Overview

UCLA is a long-time leader in quantum research and one of the main spokes in this hub of quantum science and educations is the Center for Quantum Science and Engineering (CQSE), which conducts interdisciplinary research in areas such as ion trap qubits, quantum matter, and solid-state qubits. The center aims to position UCLA as a world leader in this emerging field.

To further bolster its quantum research capabilities, UCLA has secured significant funding, including a $5 million pledge from Boeing to support faculty at CQSE and nearly $1 million in federal funding to establish a Quantum Information Science Hub focused on developing and refining qubits. Additionally, UCLA’s new quantum innovation hub will occupy space at the UCLA Research Park, transforming a Los Angeles landmark into a global center for quantum computing and immunology.

24. Zhengzhou University

• Research Papers: 427
• Approximate Enrollment: 73,000
• Papers per Student: 0.0058

Quantum Research Overview

Zhengzhou University (ZZU) has been active in quantum research for decades. The university’s School of Physics, established in 1956, has evolved into a significant center for scientific inquiry. It houses key platforms such as the Henan International Joint Laboratory for Quantum Functional Materials, focusing on the development and application of quantum materials. The school also boasts the Henan Key Laboratory for Diamond Optoelectronic Materials and Devices.

The faculty at ZZU includes notable researchers like Zhi Yang, whose expertise encompasses inorganic synthesis, optoelectronics, and quantum dots.Additionally, the university’s physics discipline is recognized globally, ranking in the top f the Essential Science Indicators (ESI).

25. University of Sydney

• Research Papers: 306
• Approximate Enrollment: 70,000
• Papers per Student: 0.0043

Quantum Research Overview

The University of Sydney is a growing leader in quantum research and its Quantum Science Group is considered a powerhouse of quantum research and thought leadership The group addresses fundamental physics and quantum information science while developing new technologies. Their activities encompass both atomic and condensed matter systems, aiming to harness quantum phenomena for practical applications.

Further solidifying its leadership, the University of Sydney was awarded $18.4 million by the Australian Government to establish Quantum Australia, a national center designed to foster collaboration and innovation in the quantum industry. This initiative aims to accelerate the development and commercialization of quantum technologies, positioning Australia at the cutting edge of this transformative field. Additionally, the university is a key player in the Sydney Quantum Academy, which offers research opportunities and cultivates a vibrant quantum ecosystem by connecting students, researchers, and industry partners.

Methodology and Limitations

The list of Top Quantum Research Universities — 2025 was created based on statistics generated from Lens.org, The Quantum Insider’s Intelligence Platform and a number of online sources. AI was used to verify the numbers.

The list represents six years of refining the methodology. In the past, large institutions seemed to benefit from the power of large numbers. Large schools employ larger numbers of faculty and larger numbers of students, who generate most of the studies. This factor can lead to an index of this nature to be more of an index of the biggest universities, rather than the most prolific quantum research leaders. Therefore, this index was designed intentionally to be based on the number of papers per students, which is aimed at being fairer to institutions of all sizes.

Limitations: Quantum is a very interdisciplinary endeavor, so generic keywords were used including quantum, quantum information science and quantum science. Because of that, this list may omit many approaches to quantum research that likely, one, left a number of studies out of the list and, two, included ones that might not be directly related to quantum research — for example, astronomy. Research at universities does not progress linearly, and can move in quick bursts of intensity, followed by lulls. So, the production can be “clumpy”. Recognizing this, the use of five years may fail to take in the variability of the flow of research in institutional quantum leaders. The list also took some time to gather, which means that output could have modulated during that time period.

All numbers are estimates. Data on research output for the schools were gathered over a week and several runs were performed. There was variability in the outputs and often averages of runs were used to improve fairness. Actual enrollments numbers are difficult to assess and even official university sources appeared to be contradictory and varied, possibly because figures were not updated. Student population numbers are therefore estimates and some are the result of averaged and estimated numbers from several sources.

Students might be a fair way to measure size. For example, the number of faculty and the number of graduate students may be a more accurate way to assess output per student, however those numbers are difficult to attain.

Quantity, in itself, is not the ideal way to measure research output. Quality should be considered. However, available tools were unable to account for measures, such as citations and quality citations. It is something that will be considered in future issues. Click here to learn more.

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