Fermilab SQMS Center Identifies Microscopic Origins of Qubit Performance Variance Across Superconducting Transmons

Researchers at Fermilab’s SQMS Center and collaborators identified microscopic material defects causing performance variations in superconducting qubits. Their study found that nanoscale fabrication geometries, surface oxides, and energy relaxation times are directly correlated. Specifically, single-nanometer shifts in surface oxide thickness, substrate trench depths below 20 nanometers, and sidewall etch profiles can cause up to a twofold variation in qubit performance.

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