Spectral chaos bounds from scaling theory of maximally efficient quantum-dynamical scrambling

Quantum 9, 1651 (2025).

https://doi.org/10.22331/q-2025-02-26-1651

A key conjecture about the evolution of complex quantum systems towards an ergodic steady state, known as scrambling, is that this process acquires universal features when it is most efficient. We develop a single-parameter scaling theory for the spectral statistics in this scenario, which embodies exact self-similarity of the spectral correlations along the complete scrambling dynamics. We establish that the scaling predictions are matched by a privileged stochastic process and serve as bounds for other dynamical scrambling scenarios, allowing one to quantify inefficient or incomplete scrambling on all time scales.