Fractalizing quantum codes

Quantum 5, 438 (2021).

https://doi.org/10.22331/q-2021-04-22-438

We introduce “fractalization”, a procedure by which spin models are extended to higher-dimensional “fractal” spin models. This allows us to interpret type-II fracton phases, fractal symmetry-protected topological phases, and more, in terms of well understood lower-dimensional spin models. Fractalization is also useful for deriving new spin models and quantum codes from known ones. We construct higher dimensional generalizations of fracton models that host extended fractal excitations. Finally, by applying fractalization to a 2D subsystem code, we produce a family of locally generated 3D subsystem codes that are conjectured to saturate a quantum information storage tradeoff bound.