Bipartite quantum measurements with optimal single-sided distinguishability

Quantum 5, 442 (2021).

https://doi.org/10.22331/q-2021-04-26-442

We analyse orthogonal bases in a composite $Ntimes N$ Hilbert space describing a bipartite quantum system and look for a basis with optimal single-sided mutual state distinguishability. This condition implies that in each subsystem the $N^2$ reduced states form a regular simplex of a maximal edge length, defined with respect to the trace distance. In the case $N=2$ of a two-qubit system our solution coincides with the elegant joint measurement introduced by Gisin. We derive explicit expressions of an analogous constellation for $N=3$ and provide a general construction of $N^2$ states forming such an optimal basis in ${cal H}_N otimes {cal H}_N$. Our construction is valid for all dimensions for which a symmetric informationally complete (SIC) generalized measurement is known. Furthermore, we show that the one-party measurement that distinguishes the states of an optimal basis of the composite system leads to a local quantum state tomography with a linear reconstruction formula. Finally, we test the introduced tomographical scheme on a complete set of three mutually unbiased bases for a single qubit using two different IBM machines.