Networks Hold the Key to a Decades-Old Problem About Waves

Two centuries ago, Joseph Fourier gave mathematicians a magical technique. He conjectured that it’s possible to write almost any function as a sum of simple waves, a trick now called the Fourier transform. These days, the Fourier transform is used to understand everything from the chemical makeup of distant stars to what’s happening far beneath the Earth’s crust. “Fourier series are everywhere…

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