UK Regulators Report: Nation Navigates Quantum Technology Growth with Responsible Innovation, Strategic Collaboration

Insider Brief

• The UK Government and regulators are advancing quantum technology with initiatives like new quantum hubs and the National Quantum Computing Centre, while adopting a phased regulatory approach to support innovation responsibly.
• Key developments in quantum communication and post-quantum cryptography highlight the urgency of transitioning to quantum-secure systems, with regulators like the NCSC providing actionable guidance for organizations.
• Collaborative efforts, including the Responsible Quantum Industry Forum and international standards development, aim to ensure quantum technologies evolve ethically and remain aligned with public interest protections.

Quantum technologies are advancing rapidly, prompting UK regulators to adopt a phased approach to regulation, according to the Digital Regulation Cooperation Forum’s (DRCF) reflections on the state of quantum in 2024.

The DRCF, a collaborative body uniting regulators such as Ofcom, the Information Commissioner’s Office (ICO), the Financial Conduct Authority (FCA), and the Competition and Markets Authority (CMA), published a detailed update on quantum technologies’ progress and regulatory implications. Their findings emphasize the importance of fostering innovation while addressing challenges, especially in information security and ethical standards.

A Year of Progress: Key Developments in Quantum Technology

According to the report, in 2024, the UK Government launched five quantum hubs to accelerate advancements in quantum sensing, communications, and computing. The National Quantum Computing Centre (NQCC) opened a facility intended to house 12 quantum computers, signaling the nation’s commitment to becoming a global leader in quantum innovation. These initiatives align with the UK’s broader quantum strategy, which includes a proportionate and phased regulatory framework.

Advances in quantum communication were also highlighted, including successful long-distance quantum key distribution via subsea fiber optic cables. This technology could secure data transmissions against potential future threats posed by quantum computers. Meanwhile, improvements in quantum hardware and error correction methods brought the concept of fault-tolerant quantum computing closer to reality.

Acknowledging the importance of transitioning to quantum-secure systems, the DRCF team wrote: “Without appropriate mitigations, it is anticipated future quantum computers could have a significant impact on the security of communications and personal and financial information. This security risk, and its mitigation through the transition to quantum secure systems, are key near-term issues for several DRCF member regulators who have information and data security-related responsibilities.”

Regulatory Approaches to Quantum Security

Post-quantum cryptography (PQC) standards, released in 2024 by the U.S. National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), represent a significant milestone in preparing for quantum-secure systems. These standards aim to protect digital infrastructure against the risks posed by quantum computers.

The UK’s National Cyber Security Centre (NCSC) has been actively involved, updating guidance and recommending that large organizations begin preparing for the transition. Suggested steps include mapping data systems and existing cryptographic protocols to assess vulnerabilities. The DRCF has partnered with the NCSC to ensure a cohesive regulatory response to these challenges.

Fostering Responsible Quantum Innovation

In January, the Responsible Quantum Industry Forum (RQIF) launched, establishing principles for ethical innovation in quantum technologies. The initiative, spearheaded by the NQCC and industry partners, emphasizes transparency, explainability, and mitigating potential societal harms. The DRCF commended this approach, noting the alignment with its mission to ensure emerging technologies develop responsibly while protecting public interests.

The ICO, for instance, has explored the intersection of quantum technologies and data protection, issuing reports on the implications for information security and privacy. Meanwhile, the FCA has focused on quantum’s potential in the financial sector, co-authoring a white paper on quantum security in collaboration with the World Economic Forum.

Setting Standards for the Future

Recognizing the critical role of international standards in driving innovation, the UK has taken proactive steps to influence quantum standardization. The National Physical Laboratory (NPL) launched the Quantum Standards Network Pilot, bringing together stakeholders to shape the regulatory frameworks of tomorrow. Similarly, the British Standards Institute (BSI) has engaged in global efforts to establish standards for quantum computing, communication, and sensing.

The DRCF has so far maintained an observer role in these developments but acknowledges that evolving standards may require closer regulatory collaboration. This approach supports the forum’s broader goal of balancing innovation with public interest protections.

Collaboration Remains Central

Throughout the year, DRCF member regulators engaged in cross-sector workshops and government inquiries to refine their understanding of quantum technologies. A key focus remains ensuring alignment across regulatory bodies while maintaining a technology-neutral stance. This neutrality, the DRCF argues, allows regulators to adapt flexibly as quantum applications evolve.

Looking ahead, the DRCF plans to participate in the Office for Quantum’s anticipated Regulatory Forum for Quantum Technologies, further solidifying its collaborative approach. As 2025 approaches—the International Year of Quantum—regulators anticipate continued advancements in quantum technologies will demand deeper engagement and forward-looking strategies.

For now, the DRCF emphasizes its commitment to enabling innovation responsibly. “As we reflect on these developments, the DRCF continues to engage on the potential for evolving regulatory needs,” the team writes. “Our individual and collective approach to regulation, innovation, and growth seeks to enable emerging technologies to evolve and develop responsibly. While many issues associated with quantum technologies will fall outside the scope of our roles, we will work with others where our remits may intersect or interact. Our focus remains on ensuring that we keep pace with quantum advancements, encourage responsible innovation and ensure that society benefits from quantum and other emerging technologies.”

What Lies Ahead

As the UK’s quantum landscape matures, the DRCF indicates that regulatory bodies are positioning themselves to manage its complexities. From safeguarding digital security to promoting ethical development, the DRCF’s work highlights the need for coordinated action across industries, academia and government.

They write: “Wider developments in quantum technologies continue to be a topic of interest to the DRCF HSET team. But, for most DRCF regulators, the more immediate discussions are likely to centre around the transition to quantum secure systems.  At this stage, our collective approach will focus on continuing to share insights with each other, as well as with the Government, industry and other stakeholders. In particular, we will take the opportunity to share our perspective with fellow regulators as part of the Office for Quantum’s anticipated Regulatory Forum for Quantum Technologies.” 

The DRCF article is thorough and can provide more details, please read it here.